Anatomy of the Tibial Tubercle
The tibial tubercle is a bony lump on the tibia (bone in the lower leg) below the kneecap. This serves as an attachment point for the patellar ligaments, tendons, and muscles.
What is Distal Realignment?
Distal realignment procedures, also known as tibial tubercle transfer (TTT) procedures, are performed to reposition the kneecap after subluxation or dislocation by realigning the tendon under the kneecap to the underlying tibial tubercle.
Distal Realignment Procedure
The distal realignment procedures include:
- Maquet procedure: In this procedure, the tibial tubercle is cut, keeping the patellar tendon attachment intact. The tubercle is elevated by wedging the loosened piece of bone using a bone block. This procedure cannot move the tendon and tubercle medially (towards the inner aspect of the knee).
- Elmslie-Trillat procedure: This is a procedure similar to the Maquet procedure, except that the tendon and tubercle can be moved medially.
- Fulkerson procedure: In this procedure, the tibial tubercle is moved more towards the inner aspect of the knee. This is achieved by breaking the bone into sharp pieces (splintered), allowing the bits of bone and tendon to move more medially. After the procedure, the bits of bone are held in place using screws.
- Hauser procedure: In this procedure, the tibial tubercle is moved medially, but not moved forward (anterior). Because of the shape of the tibia, the tubercle may shift its position more posteriorly (behind) and the patella may press down, causing pain.
- Roux-Goldthwait procedure: It is a distal realignment procedure where the patellar tendon is split vertically. The lateral half of the patellar tendon is pulled under the inner half (medial) and attached to the tibia. This pulls the patella over to the center and helps prevent excess lateral shift.
Related Topics
- Knee Arthroscopy
- ACL Reconstruction
- Knee Cartilage Restoration
- Meniscal Surgery
- Patellofemoral Knee Replacement
- Meniscus Replacement
- Cartilage Replacement
- PCL Reconstruction
- Knee Ligament Reconstruction
- Posterolateral Corner (PLC) Reconstruction
- Revision Knee Ligament Reconstruction
- Posterolateral Corner Reconstruction
- LCL Reconstruction
- MCL Reconstruction
- LPFL Reconstruction
- Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction
- Quadriceps Tendon Repair
- Knee Fracture Surgery
- Meniscectomy
- Distal Realignment Procedures
- Partial Arthroscopic Meniscectomy
- Patellofemoral Realignment
- Failed Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction
- Failed Meniscus Repair
- Lateral Lengthening
- Meniscal Transplantation
- Prior Meniscectomy
- Tibial Eminence Fracture
- ORIF of the Knee Fracture
- Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone (BPTB) Autograft
- Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone (BPTB) Allograft
- Hamstring Autograft
- Hamstring Allograft
- Knee Osteotomy
- High Tibial Osteotomy
- Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy
- Distal Femoral Osteotomy
- Multiligament Reconstruction of the Knee
- Patellar Tendon Repair
- Arthroscopic Reconstruction of the Knee for Ligament Injuries
- Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation
- Partial Meniscectomy
- Cartilage Microfracture
- Pharmacological Interventions for Knee Injuries
- Ultrasound-Guided Genicular Nerve Block
- Intraarticluar Knee Injection
- Viscosupplementation
- Physical Therapy for Knee
